This SPSS tutorial explains how to define variables in Variable View.
You may also want to read:
Types of data in statistics (Interval, Nominal, Ordinal)
SPSS - Variable View
In SPSS, understanding the Variable View is the first step before using any analytic functions. The purpose of Variable View is to define variables.
In Excel, you don't have to define whether a column is number, date, or text, because Excel guesses the data type for you but of course it could be wrong in some cas...
Read More