This Excel tutorial explains how to use T.TEST Function to perform Independent Sample T Test and Paired-samples T Test. What is Independent T Test In statistical inference, we are interested to know whether a small sample comes from a population. To inference using sample mean, when the population standard deviation and population mean are known, we can use Z test to interference the population mean from sample mean. In reality, we do not have data of the whole population. Without the popul...

This Excel tutorial explains how to use Excel CORREL Function to calculate coefficient of correlation. Coefficient of Correlation Covariance is a measure of how much two random variables change together. After calculating covariance, we can check the sign whether it is negative or positive.  Positive covariance means positive relationship (y increases as x increases), negative covariance means a negative relationship (y decreases as x increases). In order to measure the strength of relation...

This Excel tutorial explains how to calculate sample covariance using COVARIANCE.S and calculate population covariance using COVARIANCE.P Covariance Covariance is a measure of how much two random variables change together. The below formula is for calculation of Population Covariance. For Sample Covariance, divide n-1 instead of N. While σx is denoted as standard variation of x, σxy is denoted as Covariance. After we calculate the covariance, we can check the sign whether it is ne...